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nroff.1
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1992-07-17
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NAME
nroff - text processor (Version 1.10p5)
SYNOPSIS
nroff
[
options
]
file
[...]
DESCRIPTION
Nroff
is a text processor and formatter based on the design
provided in "Software Tools" by Kernighan and Plauger. It has
been modified to closely resemble the
Unix
™
nroff
command. The
text and commands found in the
file
(s) are processed to generate
formatted text. Note that one (and only one) of the files can
be "-" which reads input from stdin at that point. If no files
are specified, stdin is read so that
nroff
can act as a filter.
The output always goes to stdout which can be redirected by the
shell. The
-e
option lets you redirect error output to the
specified file rather than stderr. Output from the
.tm
command
also goes to stderr. Debugging information always goes to the
file "nroff.dbg" and is generally used only for program
development.
OPTIONS
The following command line options are available:
-T
name
Use table for
name
to generate proper characters for
device
name.
Currently,
nroff
only generates ANSI/vt100
escapes for font changes (\fB, etc) internally (does not
read tab
name
). View results with
manpager
(1).
-d
Set debug mode. Debug output to stderr (or error log,
if
-e
comes first on the command line).
-debug
Set debug mode. Debug output goes to file
nroff.dbg
.
-e
file
Set error log file (default is stderr).
-h
Hold before exit (Atari TOS only).
-help
Print command synopsis.
-m
name
Process macro file tmac.
name
. Thus
-man
would cause the
file tmac.an to be loaded. Note that files processed in
this way should contain only macro definitions, no im-
mediate output should be generated from this file (see
ENVIRONMENT).
-r
aN
Preset number register
a
(single character) to
N
(decimal integer only).
-po
n
Shift output right
n
spaces (like .po).
-pn
n
Initial page number to
n
(like .pn).
-version
Prints the version information to stdout.
+
n
Causes output to start with page
n
.
-
n
Causes output to stop after page
n
.
-
Input from stdin.
ENVIRONMENT
Nroff
recognizes the following environment variables from the
shell:
TMACDIR
An alternate directory to find the files tmac.* ("." for
example). The default is c:\lib\tmac under TOS and
/usr/lib/tmac under Minix or
Unix
™
.
TMPDIR
An alternate directory to place any temporary files.
The default is the current directory. Note that
nroff
does not currently use any temporary files.
COMMANDS
Commands typically are distinguished by a period in column one
of the input followed by a two character abbreviation for the
command funtion. The abbreviation may then be followed by an
optional numeric or character argument. The numeric argument
may be an absolute value such as setting the right margin to a
particular column, or the argument may be preceded by a plus
sign or a minus sign to indicate that the parameter should be
modified relative to a previous setting. The following commands
are recognized (those marked "extension" are requests added to
the basic set provided by
Unix
™
nroff
):
.ad
Begin line adjustment. If fill mode is not on, ad-
justment is defered until it is back on. If a type
indicator is present, the adjustment type is changed as
follows:
Indicator Type
l adjust left margin only
r adjust right margin only
c center
b or n adjust both margins (default)
absent unchanged
.af
Assign format to number register. The available formats
are:
Format Numbering Sequence
1 0,1,2,3,4,...
001 000,001,002,...
i 0,i,ii,iii,iv,v,...
I 0,I,II,III,IV,V,...
a 0,a,b,...,z,aa,ab,...zz,aaa,...
A 0,A,B,...,Z,AA,AB,...ZZ,AAA,...
The second format above indicates that the field width,
i.e. number of digits, is specified by the number of
digits in the format type.
.bd
Ignored by
nroff
.
.bo
(extension)
Causes the following lines of text to appear in
boldface. The optional argument specifies the number of
lines to be typed in boldface. Boldface and underlining
are mutually exclusive features. The appearance of a
boldface command will cause any underlining to cease.
.bp
(extension)
Causes succeeding text to appear at the top of a new
page. The optional argument specifies the page number
for the new page. The initial value is one and the
default value is one more than the previous page
number.
.br
Causes succeeding text to start on a new line at the
current left margin. There is no numeric argument for
this command.
.bs
(extension)
Enables or disables the appearance of backspaces in the
output text. Underlining and boldface options are im-
plemented by inserting character - backspace - character
combinations into the output buffer. This is fine for
devices which properly recognize the backspace
character. Some printers, however, do not recognize
backspaces, so the option is provided to overprint one
line buffer with another. The first line buffer is
terminated with just a carriage return rather than the
carriage return - linefeed combination. A zero argument
or no argument to the backspace command removes back-
spaces from the output. A non-zero argument leaves them
in the output. The default is to remove backspaces.
.cc
Changes the
nroff
command character to that specified by
the character argument. If no argument is provided, the
default is a period (.).
.ce
Causes the next line of text to appear centered on the
output. The optional argument specifies if more than
one line is to be centered.
.cs
Ignored by
nroff
.
.cu
Causes the next line(s) of text to be continuously
underlined. Unlike the underline command (see
.ul
)
which underlines only alphanumerics, continuous un-
derlining underlines all printable characters. The
optional argument specifies the number of lines of text
to underlined. Any normal underlining or boldface com-
mands currently in effect will be terminated.
.c2
Changes the
nroff
no break character to that specified
by the character argument. If no argument is provided,
the default is a single quote.
.de
Causes all text and commands following to be used to
define a macro. The definition is terminated by a
.en
command or the default
..
terminator. The first two
characters of the argument following the
.de
command
become the name of the new command. It should be noted
that upper and lower case arguments are considered
different. Thus, the commands
.PP
and
.pp
could define
two different macros. Care should be exercised since
existing commands may be redefined.
A macro may contain up to nine arguments. In the macro
definition, the placement of arguments is designated by
the two character sequences, $1, $2, ... $9. When the
macro is invoked, each argument of the macro command
line is substituted for its corresponding designator in
the expansion. The first argument of the macro command
is substituted f